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Joule, 2025. We show how transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) limit the efficiency of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. Using a unified optical–electrical model, we quantifies losses arising from TCE sheet resistance, optical absorption, metal finger shading, and geometric trade-offs that are typically neglected in conventional simulations. Circuit-level modelling implemented in PySpice shows that even a single TCE can cause up to a 2% absolute efficiency loss, with additional penalties from mid- and rear-electrodes. 

APL Electronic Devices, 2025. We show that applying an electric field during heat treatment can improve passivation in silicon solar cells using ultra-thin SiOx/AlOx/SiNx layers. By introducing surface charge with corona discharge, we reduced energy loss from charge recombination, achieving excellent performance. The improvement is linked to hydrogen and charge effects at the interface, with AlOx playing a key role despite lower hydrogen content than SiNx. This method offers a practical way to boost efficiency in advanced solar cells like TOPCon without adding complexity or cost.
 

RSC Energy Advances, 2025. Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) has emerged as an indium-free transparent conducting oxide (TCO) for high-efficiency solar cells (Si heterojunction and Pvk/Si tandems). ALD AZO offers optical transparency, electrical conductivity, and surface passivation. We demonstrates exceptional passivation with a J0 < 1 fA/cm² and implied VOC of 740 mV, achieved by optimising ALD precursor dosing. The findings highlight AZO's potential to replace indium-based TCOs, enabling scalable, cost-effective solar cell production and supporting renewable energy goals.